]> ]]> Niger as supernumenary to do natural history collecting on the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland. ]]> Niger, with Joseph Banks aboard, leaves St John's, Newfoundland, heading for Lisbon. ]]> Endeavour, captained by James Cook, with Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander aboard as naturalists, left Plymouth en route for the Pacific and Tahiti in order to observe the Transit of Venus. ]]> Endeavour arrives at Madeira and Joseph Banks spends several days ashore, botanizing and collecting. ]]> Endeavour leaves Madeira. ]]> Endeavour reaches Rio de Janeiro to be met with hostility from the Portuguese authorities. Joseph Banks' collecting plans are thwarted. ]]> Endeavour leaves Rio de Janeiro and sails south. ]]> Endeavour's crew sights Tierra del Fuego. ]]> Endeavour anchors in the Bay of Good Success, Tierra del Fuego, and Joesph Banks and Daniel Solander go ashore to collect plants and meet with some Fuegians. ]]> Endeavour inland and up a mountain to collect alpine plants. The group gets caught in a vicious snowstorm. Forced to bivouac overnight, two of the party die from exposure before the rest manage to make it back to the ship the next day. ]]> Endeavour leaves the Bay of Good Success, Tierra del Fuego, and heads for Cape Horn. ]]> Endeavour drops anchor in Matavi Bay, Tahiti. ]]> Endeavour voyage by observing the Transit of Venus, from a place later called Point Venus on Tahiti. ]]> Endeavour leaves Tahiti. ]]> Endeavour's crew sights land in the southern ocean, as New Zealand comes into view. ]]> Endeavour drops anchor in Poverty Bay, New Zealand, and Joseph Banks goes ashore to try to negotiate with the Maoris for food supplies. ]]> Endeavour's crew lands at Mercury Bay, New Zealand, and sets up an observation post of the Transit of Mercury. ]]> Endeavour's crew led by Captain James Cook successfully observe the Transit of Mercury. ]]> Endeavour leaves New Zealand. ]]> Endeavour's crew sights the coast of New South Wales, Australia. ]]> Endeavour struck the Great Barrier Reef and was badly damaged before the crew were able to free her. ]]> Endeavour anchors in the mouth of a river, Endeavour River, to effect repairs. Joseph Banks goes ashore to start botanizing. ]]> Endeavour's crew shoots a kangaroo which Joseph Banks describes, after which it was eaten. ]]> Endeavour crosses the Great Barrier Reef through a gap now called Cook's Passage. ]]> Endeavour leaves the coast of Australia and sails for New Guinea. ]]> Endeavour's crew, Captain Cook, Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander go ashore New Guinea. ]]> Endeavour's deck, Joseph Banks observed and described the Aurora Australis. ]]> Endeavour stops at Savu, Indonesia, to take on supplies. ]]> Endeavour sails past Java Head. ]]> Endeavour sails past Krakatoa. ]]> Endeavour arrives at Batavia (now called Djakarta), Indonesia. ]]> Endeavour leaves Batavia, having made repairs, but now with many of the crew afflicted with fevers and malaria. ]]> Endeavour reaches Table Bay, South Africa, where the ship stays for a month to allow the crew to recover, since more than a dozen of them had died from dysentery on the voyage from Batavia. ]]> Endeavour arrives at St Helena. ]]> Endeavour, captained by James Cook, arrives at Deal, England. ]]> Sir Lawrence, a ship chartered by Joseph Banks, leaves Gravesend, London, en route for Iceland, with Banks and a party of scientists and scholars aboard. ]]> Sir Lawrence reaches the Isle of Staffa. ]]> Sir Lawrence arrives at Hafnarfjördur in southwest Iceland, the base for Joseph Banks's expedition. ]]> Sir Lawrence leaves Iceland, heading home to England. ]]> Sir Lawrence arrives in Leith, Scotland, having had a stormy passage from Iceland. ]]> American Journal of Science, born in Trumbull, Connecticut, USA. ]]> Didymograptus murchisoni, one of the important biostratigraphic markers for the Ordovician. ]]> Beagle voyage, in London, England. ]]> Principles of Geology, born in Kirriemuir, Scotland. ]]> Beagle voyage, in Leith, Scotland. ]]> Beagle voyage, born in London, England. ]]> Beagle voyage, in London, England. ]]> Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844), born in Peebles, Scotland. ]]> Beagle voyage, born in Christ Church, Barbados. ]]> Beagle expedition, born in Lyme Regis, Dorset, England. ]]> Beagle, born in Suffolk, England. ]]> Philosophical Magazine outlining William Smith's idea on stratigraphy, in order to make them better known. ]]> Observationson the geology of the United States, explanatory of a geological map to the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia. ]]> Treatise on Mineralogy presented to the Geological Society in London. ]]> Cadmus. These plans were subsequently modified and formed the basis for construction of HMS Beagle and HMS Barracouta. ]]> Omphalos, an attempt to reconcile a literalist interpretation of scripture with newly-emerging ideas about the age of the earth. ]]> Beagle voyage, in Tregew, near Falmouth, Cornwall. ]]> General View of the Agriculture and Minerals of Derbyshire, a pioneering work in geology, which was published in 1811. ]]> Beagle and her sister ship HMS Barracouta sent to Royal Naval Dockyard, Woolwich. ]]> Erebus for James Clark Ross's expedition to Antarctica. ]]> Beagle launched at the Royal Naval Dockyard, Woolwich, London. ]]> Beagle voyage, awarded his medical diploma in London, England. ]]> On the Origin of Species, born in Ealing, London. ]]> Beagle voyage, becomes a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, England. ]]> Beagle. ]]> Beagle sets off from Plymouth on her first voyage to South America. ]]> Thetis, first sees HMS Beagle, the ship in which he was later to serve with Darwin. ]]> Beagle anchors off Brecknock Peninsula, southwest Tierra del Fuego. ]]> Beagle at anchor in Port Famine, Tierra del Fuego, Pringle Stokes, the ship's captain, depressed and frustrated with his command, shoots himself. ]]> Beagle at anchor in Port Famine, Tierra del Fuego. ]]> Beagle. ]]> Beagle and takes over as captain on the ship's arrival in Montevideo. ]]> Beagle is caught in a violent storm near Maldonado, off the coast of Uruguay. Two seamen are lost, a severe blow to the new commander, Captain FitzRoy. ]]> Beagle's crew spotted some Fuegians, the first indigenous people FitzRoy had met in Tierra del Fuego. ]]> Beagle with Captain FitzRoy in command, sailed south to survey the southern shores of Tierra del Fuego. ]]> Beagle, two are attacked by some Fuegians. This is the first violence between the Beagle expedition and Fuegians. ]]> Beagle. FitzRoy immediately sets off to rescue the other men and investigate the theft. ]]> Beagle's crew have a violent confrontation with a camp of Fuegians, in the course of which one Fuegian was killed, an event which fills FitzRoy with remorse. ]]> Beagle to continue their surveying work. ]]> Beagle in March Harbour, off Christmas Sound on the west coast of Tierra del Fuego, and resumes surveying. ]]> Beagle a young Fuegian he names York Minster, after a nearby cape. ]]> Beagle, a young man the crew name Jemmy Button. ]]> Beagle back into Atlantic waters, heading north to rendezvous with the Adventure and Captain King. ]]> Beagle completes her first voyage to South America and arrives back in England. ]]> Geochelone nigra), once thought to be one of the three collected by Charles Darwin during his visit to the islands in 1835. Although the link to Darwin may be tenuous, Harriet was probably the oldest living animal, at about 175 years at her death in 2006. She lived in the Australia Zoo in Queensland, Australia, for many years. ]]> Thetis, a ship in which both FitzRoy and Sulivan served, sank at Cabo Frio, north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ]]> Beagle is commissioned for her second surveying voyage to South America, under the command of Captain FitzRoy. ]]> Beagle voyage, qualifies as a surgeon. ]]> Beagle voyage. ]]> Narrative to Charles Darwin as a parting gift before he left on the 'Beagle' voyage. ]]> Beagle. ]]> Beagle and is dismayed by the cramped size of his shared quarters. ]]> Beagle leaves port, setting out on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin aboard. Bad weather forces FitzRoy to return to Plymouth, where the ship and crew are forced to wait for another two weeks for the weather to moderate. ]]> Beagle leaves Plymouth and sets sail for a round the world voyage. On board is Charles Darwin as ship's naturalist. ]]> Beagle crew members, mainly for drunkenness and associated offences, committed during the Christmas interval. ]]> Beagle voyage. He was to suffer from sea-sickness constantly when at sea for the next five years. ]]> Beagle anchors off Tenerife in the Canary Islands but the crew, including Charles Darwin, are not allowed to land because of quarantine on British ships, imposed because of a cholera outbreak in England. ]]> Beagle voyage. ]]> Beagle. ]]> Beagle, Charles Darwin is afflicted by sea-sickness so severe that it prevents him from carrying out his natural history work. ]]> Beagle crosses the equator. ]]> Beagle arrives at Fernando Noronha, an archipelago off the Brazilian coast. ]]> Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, leaves Bahia, Brazil, and heads south to start surveying. ]]> Beagle passes Cabo Frio, Brazil, where HMS 'Thetis' had sunk two years earlier. ]]> Beagle leaves Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and heads south along the coast of South America to continue surveying. Coincidentally, this is Captain FitzRoy's 27th birthday. ]]> Beagle arrives in Montevideo, now the capital of Uruguay, at the mouth of the Rio de La Platte on the east coast of South America. ]]> Beagle leaves Rio Plata, heading south along the South American coast to Patagonia. ]]> Beagle arrives off the east coast of Tierra del Fuego and Charles Darwin gets his first sight of the bleak terrain. ]]> Beagle arrives for the first time in Tierra del Fuego and anchors in the Bay of Good Success. Charles Darwin sees Fuegians for the first time. ]]> Beagle rounds Cape Horn and encounters a strong gale. ]]> Beagle arrives at Port Desire, Patagonia, having been almost a year out of England. ]]> Beagle and its crew spend their first Christmas Day away from home in Tierra del Fuego, anchored in a cove they name 'Wigwam', near a hill called Kater's Peak. The ship is confined there for six days by bad weather. ]]> Beagle starts westward from Wigwam Cove along the coast of Tierra del Fuego. The ship encounters constant gales. ]]> Beagle comes in sight of York Minster mountain, Tierra del Fuego, before being beaten back by intense gales, which lasted for four days and during which the ship almost foundered. ]]> Beagle is rolled onto her side by three gigantic waves. The ship almost founders and FitzRoy later writes that a fourth wave would have finished them. ]]> Beagle anchors in Goeree Roads, Tierra del Fuego. ]]> Beagle's away-team enters Ponsonby Sound and, guided by Jemmy Button, anchors at a cove named Woollya. Here, the crew sets up some large wigwams and unloads goods. The three Fuegans (Jemmy Button, York Minster, and Fuegia Basket) are left here, with Mr Matthews, a missionary. ]]> Beagle's away-team returns to Woollya and, finding all peaceful, Captain FitzRoy determines to continue his survey work in the western part of the Beagle Channel. ]]> Beagle's away-team enters the north arm of the Beagle Channel and continues its surveying work. Darwin sees a calving glacier. ]]> Beagle's away-team arrives back at Woollya and finds the site plundered and Matthews terrified that he will be killed by the Fuegans. He is taken back on board the Beagle. ]]> Beagle's away-team arrives back at the ship, after being absent for twenty days. ]]> Beagle leaves Tierra del Fuego and in stormy seas heads east to the Falkland Islands. ]]> Beagle anchors in Berkeley Sound, East Falkland Island, for the first time. ]]> Beagle at Montevideo. ]]> Beagle arrives in Port St Julien, on the coast of Patagonia. ]]> Beagle anchors in Port Famine. ]]> Beagle anchors once more at the eastern end of the Beagle Channel and Captain FitzRoy decides to head to Ponsonby Sound and check on the Fuegans at Woollya. ]]> Beagle anchors in the cove at Woollya and finds the site deserted. Soon, a canoe comes out from shore, and Jemmy Button comes on board to visit. ]]> Beagle anchors in Berkeley Sound, East Falkland Island, for the second time and Charles Darwin, accompanied by two gauchos, sets off to explore the interior. ]]> Beagle arrives at the mouth of the Santa Cruz River, east coast of Patagonia, and Captain FitzRoy sends an expedition to explore and map upstream. ]]> Beagle, including Charles Darwin, while travelling inland up the Santa Cruz River in Patagonia, had their first sight of the Andes off to the west. ]]> Beagle anchors in the bay of Port Famine, Tierra del Fuego, in the Magellan Strait. ]]> Beagle leaves Port Famine, Tierra del Fuego, and continues through the Magellan Strait. ]]> Beagle emerges from the Magellan Strait into the Pacific. ]]> Beagle arrives in Valparaiso, Chile, on the west coast of South America. ]]> Beagle leaves Valparaiso, Chile, and sails south to survey the coast of the island of Chiloe. ]]> Beagles crew forage for bird's eggs on Chronos Island off the Chilean coast in order to make a Christmas pudding. ]]> Beagle picks up six deserters from an American whaling vessel. ]]> Beagle is at anchor near Tres Montes, Chile. Charles Darwin and some of the crew climb one of the peaks, 2400 feet high, which he was delighted to find was composed of granite. ]]> Beagle arrives in Valdivia, Chile, and Charles Darwin is much struck by the apple orchards in the town. ]]> Beagle anchors at Concepcion, Chile, where Charles Darwin finds the town much damaged by the earthquake of February 20th and the 'great wave' (a tsunami) that followed. ]]> Beagle anchors in Iquique, Peru. ]]> Beagle arrives in the port of Lima, capital of Peru. Political upheavals prevent Charles Darwin from exploring much outside the capital, which perhaps accounts for his somewhat jaundiced and negative opinion of Peru. ]]> Beagle leaves the west coast of South America and heads towards the Galapagos Islands. ]]> Beagle reaches the Galapagos Islands and anchors near the northwest shore of Chatham Island. At his first sight of the islands, Charles Darwin comments on their inhospitable appearance and lack of plant and animal life. ]]> Beagle proceeds to Albermarle Island, one of the Galapagos Islands. ]]> Beagle arrives at James Island, one of the Galapagos Islands. Charles Darwin, and some companions, camps onshore and explores for a week. ]]> Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, leaves the Galapagos Islands and heads for Tahiti. ]]> Beagle arrives in Tahiti. Charles Darwin spends several days exploring inland. ]]> Beagle leaves Tahiti and sets sail for New Zealand. ]]> Beagle catch their first sight of New Zealand. ]]> Beagle anchors off the coast of New Zealand in the Bay of Islands. ]]> Beagle leaves New Zealand and sets sail for Australia. ]]> Beagle enters Sydney harbour, Australia. Charles Darwin goes ashore and is favourably impressed by the settlement. ]]> Beagle anchors off Hobart, Tasmania. ]]> Beagle arrives in the Cocos Islands in the Indian Ocean. Charles Darwin goes ashore to do some collecting and spends much time examining corals. He later writes a lengthy treatise on the development of various types of coral reef formations. ]]> Beagle arrives at the island of St Helena. ]]> Beagle reaches Ascension Island. Charles Darwin examines the volcanic rocks of the island and describes the structure of volcanic bombs. ]]> Beagle to make landfall in Pernambuco, Brazil, much to Charles Darwin's frustration since, like the rest of the crew, after almost five years away he is impatient to get home to England. ]]> Beagle arrives at Falmouth, England, and Charles Darwin steps ashore after almost five years away. ]]> Beagle is decommissioned and the crew paid off and scattered. ]]> Beagle voyage. ]]> Beagle voyage and named a new species Rhea darwinii. Darwin added some comments on the birds' behaviour, based on field observations. ]]> Beagle voyage, in London, England, at the age of 45. ]]> An Essay on the Principle of Population by Thomas Malthus, published in 1798. Malthus' ideas on the consequences of over-population helped Darwin consolidate his thinking on reproduction and speciation. ]]> An Essay on the Principle of Population. ]]> Beagle voyage. ]]> Origin of Species. ]]> The Origin of Species. ]]> The Origin of Species. ]]> Royal Charter, a passenger ship, off the coast of Anglesey, North Wales, with the loss of 400 lives. This was the impetus for setting up weather recording stations and developing maritime forecasts. Robert FitzRoy set up the first eighteen stations. ]]> On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, with 1250 copies printed. ]]> On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life was published. ]]> Beagle voyage. He later emigrated to Australia. ]]> Fertilisation of the Orchids. ]]> Beagle voyage, retires from naval service. ]]> Beagle voyage, in the south of France, at the age of 65. ]]> American Journal of Science, died in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, at the age of 85. ]]> Beagle, commits suicide and dies at the age of 59. ]]> Beagle voyage, died in London, England, at the age of 62. ]]> On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. ]]> Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844), died in St Anndrews, Scotland, at the age of 68. ]]> Didymograptus murchisoni, one of the important biostratigraphic markers for the Ordovician. ]]> On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, the last edition revised by Darwin. ]]> Principles of Geology, died in London, aged 77. ]]> Beagle voyage, in North Sydney, Australia, at the age of 77. ]]> Beagle expedition, died in England at the age of 76. ]]> Notes on a Series of Barometrical Disturbances which Passed over Europe between the 27th and the 31st of August, 1883 and was made to the Royal Society, London, by Robert H. Scott of the Meteorological Council. He drew attention to the worldwide significance of the eruption. ]]> A Sand County Almanac, in Burlington, Iowa, USA. ]]> Omphalos, an attempt to reconcile a literalist interpretation of scripture with newly-emerging ideas about the age of the earth. ]]> Beagle voyage, in Bournemouth, England, at the age of 79. ]]> Deserts on the March, in Bucyrus, Ohio, USA. ]]> Beagle voyage, died in Bath, England, at the age of 93. ]]> Nature. In it, Perry challenged Kelvin's computations on the earth's age by proposing that the earth's internal structure was more complex than Kelvin had assumed in his calculations. ]]> On the Origin of Species, died in Eastbourne, England, aged 70. ]]> Silent Spring, born in Springdale, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. ]]> Erebus for James Clark Ross's expedition to Antarctica. ]]> Manchester Guardian, the first public report of the material. ]]> Nature. ]]> The Proboscidea: A Monograph of the Discovery, Evolution, Migration and Extinction of the Mastodonts and Elephants of the World. ]]> Latimeria chalumnae, in her honour. ]]> A Sand County Almanac, in Wisconsin, USA, at the age of 61. ]]> The Sea Around Us by Rachel Carson. ]]> The Solution of the Piltdown Problem by the Natural History Museum, London. The six-page document by Joseph Weiner, Kenneth Oakley, and Wilfrid Le Gros Clark, outlined the criteria by which they declared the Piltdown finds a fraud. ]]> The Times and other newspapers report on the Piltdown hoax, exactly 41 years to the day after the first media reports of the initial finds. ]]> The Edge of the Sea by Rachel Carson. ]]> Zinjanthropus boisei, later re-named Paranthropus boisei. The bones are thought to date from about 1.75 million years ago. ]]> Silent Spring by Rachel Carson, one of the most influential books in the environmental and conservation movement in the 20th century. ]]> Silent Spring, died in USA, at the age of 56. ]]> Nature. This paper is recognized as one of the foundation publications of plate tectonics. ]]> Torrey Canyon ran aground off the SW coast of Britain. Oil slicks subsequently fouled Cornish beaches. This disaster raised awareness of the perils of tanker transport of oil. ]]> Science. ]]> Australopithecus afarensis, near Hadar, Ethiopia. This specimen became famous as 'Lucy' and is dated at about 3.2 million years. ]]> Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClO_x/NO_x interaction by J. C. Farman, B. G. Gardiner, and J. D. Shanklin in the journal Nature. This paper provided data that documented the existence of an 'ozone hole' over Antarctica. ]]> Exxon Valdez, hits a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska, and spills more than 11 million gallons of crude oil into the ocean. This was the worst oil spill in US history, up to that time. Environmental damage is severe and widespread. ]]> Deserts on the March, in Taos, New Mexico, USA, at the age of 98. ]]> Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883 by Simon Winchester. ]]> Plows, Plagues and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of Climate. ]]> Geochelone nigra), once thought to be one of the three collected by Charles Darwin during his visit to the islands in 1835. Although the link to Darwin may be tenuous, Harriet was probably the oldest living animal, at about 175 years at her death in 2006. She lived in the Australia Zoo in Queensland, Australia, for many years. ]]>