]> Discovery, captained by Henry Hudson, leaves London, and sets sail for the arctic. ]]> Discovery, captained by Henry Hudson, reached what is now called Hudson Strait at the northern tip of Labrador. ]]> Discovery, captained by Henry Hudson, entered Hudson Bay. ]]> Discovery, captained by Henry Hudson, sets sail on the return voyage to England. ]]> Discovery mutinies, and takes Henry Hudson captive. ]]> Discovery north and set sail for England. Neither Hudson nor any of his companions were seen again. ]]> Lamprenen back from Hudson Bay with only two men. ]]> Henrietta Maria, to explore Hudson Bay on behalf of a group of Bristol merchants. ]]> Henrietta Maria, is in poor repair and there is some doubt as to whether the ship will survive the return journey to England. ]]> Albany and the Disovery, for the expedition. ]]> Albany and the Disovery to explore north of 64°. He is never seen again and the ships are thought to have been wrecked. Much later, remains of the expedition are found on Marble Island, western Hudson Bay. ]]> Racehorse, commanded by Captain Constantine Phipps, and the Carcass commanded by Captain Skeffington Lutwidge, set sail from London to search for an open arctic ocean, sailing along the west coast of Spitzbergen. On board the Carcass was Midshipman Horatio Nelson, aged 14. ]]> Racehorse and the Carcass, with Midshipman Horatio Nelson aboard, catch sight of the English coast at Yarmouth, returning from their abortive attempt to find an open arctic ocean, having narrowly escaped entrapment in ice. ]]> Resolute in the search for Franklin, born in Clonabody, Tipperary, Ireland. ]]> Terror and a member of the Franklin expedition, born in Manchester, England. ]]> Brandywine, heading for the Far East. ]]> Jeanette expedition, born in New York City, USA. ]]> Prince of Whales recounts that he saw them in Melville Bay, off the west coast of Greenland. ]]> Terror and a member of the Franklin expedition, died on Beechy Island at the age of 20. ]]> Erebus and a member of the Franklin expedition, died on Beechy Island at the age of 25. ]]> Erebus and a member of the Franklin expedition, died on Beechy Island at the age of 31. ]]> Erebus and Terror, and set out to make their way to safety overland. ]]> Rescue and Advance with Elisha Kent Kane on board, left Brooklyn Navy Yard, New York, heading for the Arctic. ]]> Advance meets with the Felix in Lancaster Sound and Elisha Kent Kane meets the famous Arctic sailor, Sir John Ross. ]]> Felix. ]]> Advance, Elisha Kent Kane shoots and kills his first polar bear. ]]> Advance. This was not actually a separate landmass and is now named the Grinnell Peninsula, northwest Devon Island. ]]> Investigator along Prince of Wales Strait, sees open water ahead to the north, now known as McClure Strait to the north of Banks Island. ]]> Rescue and Advance, the first Grinnell expedition, see the sun for the last time before the long Arctic winter night. ]]> Rescue and Advance, the first Grinnell expedition, see the sun for the first time since the long Arctic winter set in. ]]> Rescue and Advance, the ships of the first Grinnell expedition. ]]> Investigator's crew, led by Captain Robert McClure, are found by Lieutenant Bedford Pim from the Resolute, a ship sent out to search for them. The Investigator had been trapped in the ice in Mercy Bay on the north side of Banks Island for about eighteen months. ]]> Breadalbane, a supply ship for the Belcher expedition, sets sail from Sheerness, heading for Lancaster Sound. ]]> Advance captained by Elisha Kent Kane, sets sail from New York Harbour. ]]> Investigator abandoned by her crew in Mercy Bay, off Banks Island, after being stuck in the ice for three years. ]]> Advance, commanded by Elisha Kent Kane, sails north into Smith Sound between Greenland and Ellesmere Island. ]]> Breadalbane, a supply ship for the Belcher expedition, is crushed by ice off Beechy Island. ]]> Advance's crew want to return south for the winter, but, after some debate, Elisha Kent Kane over-rules them and determines to spend the winter in the ice, so as to get a head start north next season. ]]> Advance's crew to start settling in for the winter in a cove on Greenland's west coast that he named Rensselaer Harbour. ]]> Advance to report that the remaining men were badly afflicted by frostbite and were freezing in a tent at least thirty miles away. ]]> Advance was iced in. ]]> Advance, all very debilitated, and with Kane delirious. ]]> Advance. They reached the coast of Ellesmere Island before returning to the ship. ]]> Advance was ice bound. ]]> Advance, having failed to get beyond the Humboldt Glacier. ]]> Advance, having crossed around the Humboldt Glacier on the pack ice. ]]> Advance. The men now realize that they will have to spend another winter at the ship. ]]> Advance with the news that the ship will not be freed from the ice this season. ]]> Advance. ]]> Advance's crew to discuss the intent of some of the men to leave so as to try to travel to Upernarvik. ]]> Advance's crew vote to leave the ship and try to travel to Upernarvik. ]]> Advance and set off to travel south. Their progress was slow and for a week they returned to the ship each night to sleep. ]]> Advance with the large sled, leaving the defectors to travel south on their own. Communication between the two groups now ceases. ]]> Advance reach the small Inuit settlement of Netlik. ]]> Advance heralds the onset of winter darkness. ]]> Advance endure the first sunless day of winter. ]]> Advance. ]]> Advance, bringing with them two of the defectors, Amos Bonsall and Carl Petersen. ]]> Advance. All are suffering from hunger and Isaac Hayes has a badly frostbitten foot. ]]> Polaris, off the west coast of Greenland, at the age of about 50, probably as the result of murder by arsenic poisoning. ]]> Polaris off the west coast of Greenland, at the age of about 50, probably as the result of murder by arsenic poisoning. ]]> Resolute in the search for Franklin, died in Clonabody, Tipperary, Ireland, at the age of 68. ]]> Jeanette expedition, died on or about this day near Mat Vay, Yakutsk, Siberia, at the age of 37. ]]> Viking to study marine zoology. ]]> Jason from the port of Isafjordur in Iceland, heading for Greenland to attempt a crossing of the island on skis. ]]> Hvidbjørnen and set sail for Norway. ]]> Hvidbjørnen and are given a hero's welcome. ]]> Fram expedition leaves Christiania (Oslo), Norway, and sails north, intending to drift in the ice in an attempt to reach the North Pole. ]]> Fram, drifting in pack ice, crosses 80°N. ]]> Fram, drifting in pack ice, reaches 83°34'N, exceeding the furthest north position reached by Greely in 1882. ]]> Fram, then located at 84°04'N, and set out on an attempt to ski to the North Pole. ]]> Eugenie, to train as an apprentice clerk. ]]> Windward. ]]> Windward, Fridtjof Nansen and Hjalmar Johansen reach the town of Vardø in northeast Norway. ]]> Fram has been sighted in the vicinity of Spitzbergen, having emerged from the pack-ice. ]]> Fram, with the entire crew aboard, sails into the harbour at Christiania (Oslo), Norway, to a tremendous welcome by large crowds. ]]> St Roch, born on the island of Hærføl, one of the Hvaler Islands, near Frederickstad, southeast Norway. ]]> White, having completed his apprenticeship as a clerk. ]]> White having gotten stuck on a reef, Bert Chesterfield, HBC trader and photographer, leaves Rigolet, on the Labrador coast, on board the Strathcona, under the charge of Dr Wilfred Grenfell. ]]> Lady Head. He has engaged to work as a clerk. ]]> Gjøja, captained by Roald Amundsen, leaves the harbour of Christiania (Oslo), Norway, to search for a route through the Northwest Passage. ]]> A Fur Trader's Photographs ]]> Gjøja leaves the harbour Gjøja Haven, on the south shore of King William Island, and Roald Amundsen continues his search for a route through the Northwest Passage. ]]> Gjøja, captained by Roald Amundsen, arrives in Nome, Alaska, having completed an east to west transit through the Northwest Passage, the first ship to do so. ]]> Skate, the first submarine to surface at the North Pole, born in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. ]]> Nautilus, the first submarine to travel beneath the North Pole, born in Bakerville, Tennessee, USA. ]]> Josephine Ford, in honour of their major sponsor, Edsel Ford. Byrd claims that they did achieve the Pole, but their positional calculations have been disputed and their rate of flight seems too high for the distance covered. Most scholars doubt that they reached their objective, and precedence is given to Amundsen's flight two days later. ]]> St Roch at Burrard Inlet, Vancouver. This schooner was the second vessel to transit the Northwest Passage and the first to complete the journey from west to east. The voyage took place in 1940-1942 and was commanded by Captain Henry Larsen. ]]> Terra Nova sank off the south coast of Greenland. ]]> Nautilus, commanded by Commander William R. Anderson, becomes the first sea vessel and first submarine to reach the geographic North Pole. ]]> Skate, commanded by Commander James Calvert, becomes the first submarine to surface at the North Pole. In a ceremony, the ashes of Arctic explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins were scattered on the polar ice, in accordance with his wishes. ]]> St Roch, awarded the first Massey Medal by the Canadian Geographical Society. The medal was presented by the Governor-General of Canada, Vincent Massey. ]]> Seadragon under the command of Lieutenant Commander George P. Steele leaves Portsmouth, England, under orders to sail to the Pacific through the Northwest Passage. ]]> Seadragon under the command of Lieutenant Commander George P. Steele becomes the first submarine to travel through the Northwest Passage, taking the route from east to west through the Parry Channel, Lancaster Sound, Barrow Strait, Viscount Melville Sound, and McClure Strait, and into the Beaufort Sea. ]]> Seadragon under the command of Lieutenant Commander George P. Steele reaches the North Pole, and surfaces through thin ice, the third submarine to surface at the Pole. The captain and crew play a game of baseball on the ice. ]]> Seadragon under the command of Lieutenant Commander George P. Steele arrives at Nome, Alaska, having travelled through the Northwest Passage. ]]> St Roch, died in Vancouver, British Columbia, at the age of 65. ]]> Manhattan sets sail from Chester, Pennsylvania, en route to Prudhoe Bay through the Northwest Passage. ]]> Manhattan enters the Northwest Passage at Baffin Bay, encountering some icebergs. She was the first commercial ship to transit the Northwest Passage and the largest (to that time) to have done so. The voyage was an experiment to test the feasibility of transporting Beaufort Sea oil to eastern US ports. ]]> Manhattan emerges from Prince of Wales Strait and enters open water, heading for Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. ]]> Manhattan arrives in New York Harbour, having travelled both ways through the Northwest Passage to test the feasibility of moving Arctic oil by sea. ]]> Breadalbane off Beechy Island. ]]> Nautilus, the first submarine to travel beneath the North Pole, died in Leesbury, Virginia, USA, at the age of 85. ]]> Skate, the first submarine to surface at the North Pole, died in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA, at the age of 88. ]]> Investigator in the waters of Mercy Bay, off the north coast of Banks Island, using sonar scanning. The ship was abandoned by her crew 157 years earlier during the search for Franklin. ]]> Falkor, run by a private organization called the Schmidt Ocean Institute, found the wreck of SS Terra Nova, Scott's ship, which sank in September 1942. ]]>